AUTOMATED LEAK AND WATER QUALITY DETECTION SYSTEM FOR PIPED WATER SUPPLY
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The volume of water loss because of leakage in the conveyance pipe has been alarming. Old and poorly constructed pipelines, inadequate corrosion protection, poorly maintained valves, and mechanical damage contribute to leakage. Water-carrying pipes were buried underground, so tracing leak points manually could be tasking, if not impossible. This work was to report on the effectiveness of a developed Automated Leak and Water Quality Detection (ALWQD) system. This device can detect leaks in the piped water system automatically and can also report any deterioration in the quality of water that flows through affected pipes. The ALWQD consisted of several drainpipe connections, pipe accessories, electronic components, and sensors to monitor water quality impairment. The control signal was the solenoid valves that interfaced with the ESP-32 microcontroller boards placed on the pipe manifold at intervals, along with water quality monitoring sensors of turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and pH. The fabrication and testing of the device followed standard procedures. Testing of ALWQD was done at 0, 5, and 10 minutes under load and no-load conditions, with average variation in reading recorded after three trials. The findings indicated that the efficiency of ALWQD was between 70% and 80%, which could be improved upon. The trend in the results of the monitored parameters was not different from that of similar previous work. Leaks caused pressure drops and disallowed the full flow of water found at pipe joints, which could be a pathway for the intrusion of contaminants into the water conveyance system.
Downloads
Article Details
Transfer of Copyrights
- In the event of publication of the manuscript entitled [INSERT MANUSCRIPT TITLE AND REF NO.] in the Malaysian Journal of Science, I hereby transfer copyrights of the manuscript title, abstract and contents to the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) for the full legal term of copyright and any renewals thereof throughout the world in any format, and any media for communication.
Conditions of Publication
- I hereby state that this manuscript to be published is an original work, unpublished in any form prior and I have obtained the necessary permission for the reproduction (or am the owner) of any images, illustrations, tables, charts, figures, maps, photographs and other visual materials of whom the copyrights is owned by a third party.
- This manuscript contains no statements that are contradictory to the relevant local and international laws or that infringes on the rights of others.
- I agree to indemnify the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) in the event of any claims that arise in regards to the above conditions and assume full liability on the published manuscript.
Reviewer’s Responsibilities
- Reviewers must treat the manuscripts received for reviewing process as confidential. It must not be shown or discussed with others without the authorization from the editor of MJS.
- Reviewers assigned must not have conflicts of interest with respect to the original work, the authors of the article or the research funding.
- Reviewers should judge or evaluate the manuscripts objective as possible. The feedback from the reviewers should be express clearly with supporting arguments.
- If the assigned reviewer considers themselves not able to complete the review of the manuscript, they must communicate with the editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another suitable reviewer.
Copyright: Rights of the Author(s)
- Effective 2007, it will become the policy of the Malaysian Journal of Science (published by the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya) to obtain copyrights of all manuscripts published. This is to facilitate:
(a) Protection against copyright infringement of the manuscript through copyright breaches or piracy.
(b) Timely handling of reproduction requests from authorized third parties that are addressed directly to the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya. - As the author, you may publish the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
You may produce copies of your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, for teaching purposes or to be provided, on individual basis, to fellow researchers. - You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, electronically on a secure network at your affiliated institution, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, on the World Wide Web, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- In the event that your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, has been requested to be reproduced, for any purpose or in any form approved by the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers), you will be informed. It is requested that any changes to your contact details (especially e-mail addresses) are made known.
Copyright: Role and responsibility of the Author(s)
- In the event of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science contains materials copyrighted to others prior, it is the responsibility of current author(s) to obtain written permission from the copyright owner or owners.
- This written permission should be submitted with the proof-copy of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science
References
Aamo O.M (2016) Leak detection, size estimation and localization in pipe flows. IEEE Trans Autom Control 61(1):246–251 IEEE
Al Hawari A, Khader M, Zayed T, Moselhi O (2015) Non-destructive visual-statistical approach to detect leaks in water mains. World Acad Sci, Eng Technol, Int J Environ, Chem, Ecol, Geol Geophys Eng 9(3):230–234
Al Qahtani, T., Yaakob M. S, Yidris N., Sulaiman S., and Ahmad, K. A, (2020) “A Review on Water Leakage Detection Method in the Water Distribution Network”. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 68(2), 152–163.
Al-Mashhadani, K.A, and D.J. Thompson (2011) “Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems: A Review accessed date March 2023
APHA Public Health Association APHA(2022).Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st edition), American Public Health, Association, Washington DC.
Atef A, Zayed T, Hawari A, Khader M, Moselhi O (2016) Multi-tier method using infrared photography and GPR to detect and locate water leaks. Autom Constr 61:162–170 Elsevier
Atojunere,E.E, and O, Ogundipe(2022). Artificial Intelligence into Drip Irrigation of Roselle’s (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) Cultivation, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin, America) AMA (ISSN: 00845841) 53(01) 6883-6895
Atojunere, E.E, and K.Ogedengbe (2019) Evaluating Water Quality Indicators of Some Water Sources in the Bitumen-Rich Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria, International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation(IJPER) Avestia Publishing, Ontario, Canada,7(1) 9-22 https://ijepr.avestia.com/2019/002.html
Atojunere, E.E., K.Ogedengbe and E.B.Lucas (2018)The Development of Filtration and Bioremediation Technique for Decontaminating Bitumen-Polluted Water. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE’18), Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, (ASET),NiagaraFall, Canada DOI:10.11159/rtese18.111
Bartram, J., and R. Balance(1996). Water quality monitoring–a practical guide to the designand implementation of freshwater quality and monitoring study UNEP/WHO, Chapman andHall. London. UNEP/WHO(1996)
Beat, S and S. Dorothee(2020) Water Distribution Pipes [Blog post]. Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management Toolbox https://sswm.info/sswm-university-course/module-centralised-and-decentralised-systems-water-and-sanitation-1/network-design- and- dimensioning accessed date May 2023
Chraim F, Erol YB, Pister K (2016) Wireless gas leak detection and localization. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 12(2):768–779 IEEE
Datta S, Sarkar S (2016) A review on different pipeline fault detection methods. J Loss Prev Process Ind 41:97–106 Elsevier
Daugirdas, J. T., (2013) “Handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations (3rd ed.)”. BocaRaton, FL: CRC Press.
El-Zahab S, Mosleh F, Zayed T, El Zahab S, Mosleh F, Zayed T (2016) An accelerometer-based real-time monitoring and leak detection system for pressurized water pipelines. Pipelines:257–268
El-Zahab and Zayed (2019) Leak detection in water distribution networks: an introductory overview, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40713-019-0017-x
El-Abbasy MS, Mosleh F, Senouci A, Zayed T, Al-Derham H (2016) Locating leaks in water mainsusing noise loggers. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 22(3):04016012
Eytan, G.and D, Spuhler(2021) Water Distribution Pipes accessed on https://sswm.info/sswm-University- course/module-2-centralized-and-decentralised systems-water- and-sanitation-1/water- distribution- pipes Accessed on February 2023
Fashanu, T.A. J.P.Eche, J.A Akanmu, O.J.Adeyeye and E.E. Atojunere(2019) . A Virtual Auto-desk-Simulink Reference Plant for Wastewater Treatment, Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, 38(1):267-267
Fondriest,F.J.(2021) .Conductivity, Salinity, and Total Dissolved Solids accessed on https://www.fondriest.com/Environmental-measurements/parameters/waterquality/conductivity salinity-TDS/ Accessed on December 2022.
Gong W, Suresh MA, Smith L, Ostfeld A, Stoleru R, Rasekh A, Banks MK (2016) Mobile sensor networks for optimal leak and backflow detection and localization in municipal water networks Environ Model Softw 80:306–321 Elsevier
Howard, S.P, D. R. Rowe and G.Tchobanoglous(1985). Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Khulief YA, Khalifa A, Mansour RB, Habib MA (2011) Acoustic detection of leaks in water pipelines using measurements inside the pipe. J Pipeline Syst Eng Pract 3(2):47–54 American Society of Civil Engineers
Kim D, Ha J, You K (2011) Adaptive extended Kalman filter based geolocation using TDOA/FDOA. Int J Control Autom 4(2):49–58
Nriagu, J.O, M.I. Blackson and K. Ocram(1996). Childhood Lead Poisoning in Africa, a GrowingPublic Health Problem. Journal of Science Total Environment. 181(2):93-101
Mala-Jetmarova, H .A.Barton A. A. Bagirov(2015) History of Water Distribution Systems andtheir Optimization. Water Science & Technology Water Supply https://www.researchgate.net/publication /274699540_accessed date June,2023
Mays, W. L(2000) Water Distribution Systems Handbook. American Water Works Association. New York: McGraw-Hill.
McEvoy, M.J. and S.J. Wyatt (2012) “Water Quality Monitoring: A Review” Accessed date January,2023
Naga Venkata Saidileep Korlapati, Faisal Khana, Quddus Noor, Saadat Mirzac,Sreeram Vaddirajua(2022) Review and analysis of pipeline leak detection methods, Journal of Pipeline and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2022.100074.
Oyedele, A.(2021) Water Distribution System Challenges and Solutionswww.wateronline.com/doc/water- distribution-system-challenges-and-solutions-0001 Accessed March,2023
Romano M, Woodward K, Kapelan Z (2017) Statistical process control-based system forapproximate location of pipe bursts and leaks in water distribution systems. Procedia Eng186:236–243 Elsevier.
Smith, T.F. and D.R. Naud (2013) “A Review of Water Quality Monitoring and Management inWater Supply Systems” Accessed date January 2023
Sinha, P.K. C.V. Madhava, and S.M. Shaikh (2007) “Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems: A Review” Accessed date May 2023World Health Organization. Health Aspects of Plumbing (2016) Accessed date April,2023 https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/plumbinghealthasp.pdf World Health Organization. (2017) Guidelines on drinking water quality 4th Edition Geneva, Switzerland, Accessed date January 2023