PREVENTION OF DISPLACEMENT DURING ARMED CONFLICT UNDER THE ISLAMIC LAW

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22452/syariah.vol30no2.4

Keywords:

Islamic law, jihad, displacement, humanitarian affairs

Abstract

The spate at which armed conflicts occur in different parts of the world is worrisome. It is so disturbing that many of these conflicts are purportedly carried out by extremists to perpetrate criminality in the disguise of jihād thereby giving a negative imputation to Islam. One obvious effect of these conflicts is displacement at its alarming rate. It has thus brought about confusion in the eyes of many advocates of human rights and many experts in the field of humanitarian law on the position of Islamic Law on the prevention of displacement. Upon sampling opinions on the position of Islamic law with respect of the humanitarian affairs of people, this study discovered that many people in the field of humanitarian law do not appreciate that there exists humanitarian law under Islamic law even before the development of humanitarian law under conventional international law. In view of that, this paper sets to clear many of the misconceptions accorded to jihād under Islamic law regarding displacement. This discourse shall demonstrate how displacement is controlled and managed under Islamic law. This will exhibit the approach of Islamic law to humanitarian affairs of people and clear misconceptions that it has no provision for humanitarian affairs because of the existence of jihād that purportedly leads to humanitarian problems across the world.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

‘Abd al-Salām bin Salem bin Raja’ al-Sahimi, Al-Jihād fi al-Islam: Mafhumuhu wa Dawabituhu wa Anwa‘uhu wa Ahdafuhu (Madinah al-Munawwarah: Maktab Mulk al-Fuhad, 1430AH).

Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Habib al-Basri, al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah: The Laws of Islamic Governance, trans. Asadullah Yate, (London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd 1416/1966),

Ahmad Uthman Al-Mazyad, The Guidance of Muḥammad Concerning Worship, Dealings and Manners, 8th ed. (n.p: Madar al-Watan Publications, 2015).

Alexander Thurston, Boko Haram: The History of an African Jihadist Movement (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeston University Press, 2018).

Al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 8 (Bayrūt: Dār Ibn Kathir, 1401/1981).

Al-Hafiz Zakiuddin Abdul-Azim Al-Mundhiri, The Translation of the Meanings of Summarized Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, (Saudi Arabia: Dār-us-salām, 2000), Book 20 Kitab al-Imara.

Al-Imam Zayn al-Din Ahmad bin ‘Abd al-Latif al-Zubaydi, The Translation of the Meanings of Summarized Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: Arabic – English, trans. Muḥammad Muhsin Khan (Riyad, Sa‘udi ‘Arabiyyah: Maktabah Dār-us-salām, 1996/1417H), 49.

Allan E. Goodman, The Search for a Negotiated Settlement of the Vietnam War (The Institute of East Asian Studies, Berkeley: University of California 1986).

Antoine A. Bouvier, Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (IHL), ICRC Geneva.

Arif Ali Khan, Encyclopaedia of Islamic Law, vol. 2, ed. Tauqir Mohd. Khan (n.p.: Pentagon Press, 2010).

Article 1 (I), African Union Convention for Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention 2009).

Article 1 (k), Kampala Convention 2009.

Article 19 of the Madinah Charter.

Articles 2, 3, 4 and 10 of the Kampala Convention.

Asma Afsaruddin, Striving in the Path of God: Jihad and Martydom in Islamic Thought (USA: Oxford University Press, 2013), Antoine A. Bouvier & Harvey J. Langholtz, International Humanitarian Law and the Law of Armed Conflict (Williamsburg, USA: Peace Operation Training Institute, 2012). Definition elaborated by the International Committee of the Red Cross and generally accepted. Source: Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977, ICRC, Geneva, 1987, p. xxvii.

Caroline Ehlert, Prosecuting the Destruction of Cultural Property in International Criminal Law (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014).

Chaloka Beyani, ‘The Role of Human Right Bodies in Protecting Refugee’ in Human Rights and Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Migrant Workers, ed. Anne Fruma Bayefsky (Boston: Martinus Publishers, 2006).

Conor Foley, U.N. Peacekeeping Operations and the Protection of Civilians: Saving Succeeding Generations (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017).

Fausto Pocar & Costanza Honorati, eds., The Hague Preliminary Draft Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgment’, Proceedings of the Round Table held at Milan University (Casa Editrice Dott. Antonio Milan, 2005, 15 November 2003).

Francoise Bouchet-Saulnier, The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law (Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014).

Frits Kalshoven, ed., The Centennial of the First International Peace Conference: Reports and Conclusions (Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2000).

Gary D. Solis, The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016).

Green, Contemporary Law, Chapter 2. See also the Report of the UN Secretary General on the Statute for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Security Council Resolution 808 (1993) and 823 (1993).

Gro Nystuen & Stuart Casey-Maslen, eds. Oxford Commentaries on International Law: The Convention on Cluster Munitions (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).

Guy S. Goodwin-Gill, The Refugee in International Law (United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1983).

Ismāʿīl Ibn-ʿUmar Ibn-Kathīr, Tafsir al-Qur’ān al-‘Azim, vol. 2 (Cairo, Egypt: Dār Al-Fajr, 2010),

Joan Fitzpatrick, ed. Human Rights Protection for Refugee, Asylum-Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons: A Guide to International Mechanism and Procedures (Ardsley NY: Transnational Publishers, 2002).

John O. Honnold, Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, ed. Harry M. Flechtner (The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2009).

Justice Javed Iqbal, ‘The Concept of State in Islam,’ American Journal of Islam and Society, vol. 1/1 (1984): 11-25, https://www.ajis.org/index.php/ajiss/article/download/2818/2632.

Kolajo, A.A. Customary Law in Nigeria Through the Cases (Lagos: Spectrum Books, 2000).

Lindsey C., Bruno D., Jean-Marie H., La Haye E. and Niebergall-Lackner H., Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (First Geneva Convention) (Padstow Cornwall, United Kingdom: T.J. International Ltd).

Lionel Yee, ‘The International Criminal Court and the Security Council’ in The International Criminal Court, The Making of the Rome Statute: Issues, Negotiations and Results, ed. Roy S. Lee (Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999)

Monette Zard, ‘Towards a Comprehensive Approach to Protecting Refugees and the Internally Displaced’ in Human Rights and Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Migrants Workers, ed. Anne Fruma Bayefsky (Boston: Martinus Publishers, 2006).

Muḥammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muḥammad, trans. Ismail Raji al-Faruqi (Lagos: Islamic Publication Bureau, 1982).

Muhammad Ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi, Kitab al-Mabsut, vol. 9 (n.p: Dār al-Ma‘arifah, 1993).

Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muḥammad: A Translation of Ishaq’s Sirat Rasul Allāh, trans. A. Guillaume (Paksitan: Oxford University Press, 2002).

Muḥammad Subhi Hasan Haalaq, Fiqh According to the Qur’ān and Sunnah, trans. Sameh Strauch (n.p.: Dār-us-salām, 2008).

Muḥammad Taqī-ud-Dīn al-Hilālī and Muḥammad Muhsin Khān, Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur’ān in the English Language (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Madinah: King Fahd Complex For Printing The Holy Qur’ān, 1404A.H./2005).

N.a., ‘Concept of Dār al-Islam and Dār al-Harb,’ IslamOnline, https://fiqh.islamonline.net/en/concept-of-dar-al-islam-and-dar-al-harb/, accessed on 6 March 2023.

N.a., ‘Spread of Islam,’ WorldData.info, https://www.worlddata.info/religions/islam.php, accessed on 11 March 2023.

N.a., ‘Syrian Population,’ CEIC, https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/syria/population#:~:text=What%20was%20Syria's%20Population%20in,table%20below%20for%20more%20data, accessed on 02 September 2023.

N.a., ‘The 10 Largest Refugee Crises to Know in 2023,’ Concern Worldwide, 9 January 2023, https://www.concern.net/news/largest-refugee-crises, accessed on 11 March 2023.

N.a., ‘National Policy on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria’ Federal Republic of Nigeria, August 2012, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5a7ae2324.pdf, accessed on 04 October 2023.

Phil Orchard, Protecting the Internally Displaced: Rhetoric and Reality (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2018).

Robert Kolb & Richard Hyde, An Introduction to the International Law of Armed Conflicts (London: Hart Publishing, 2008).

Rule 129 of CIHL and Article 8(2)(e) of the Rome Statutes.

Sara Pantuliano, ed. Uncharted Territory: Land, Conflict and Humanitarian Action (United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2009).

Showkat Ahmad Dar, ‘Contemporary Discourses on the Possibility of an ‘Islamic State’: An Overview,’ Contemporary Arab Affairs, vol. 9/3 (2016): 421–427, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48599981.

Siobhan Wills, ‘The Geneva Conventions: Do they Matter in the Context of Peacekeeping Missions?’ in Do the General Conventions Matter?, eds. Mathew Evangelista & Nina Tannenwald (United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2017)

Tariq Ramadan, Islam, The West and The Challenges of Modernity, trans. Said Amghar (UK: The Islamic Foundation Leicester, 2008).

UN Basic Guideline on Development-based Eviction and Displacement.

William O’Neill, ‘What We Owe to Refugee and IDPs: An Inquiry into the Right of the Forcibly Displaced’ in Refugee Right: Ethics, Advocacy and Africa, ed. David Hollenbach (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2008).

Williams H. Boothby, The Law of Targeting (United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2012).

Yutaka Arai, ‘Law-Making and the Judicial Guarantees in Occupied Territories’ in The 1949 Geneva Conventions, eds. Andrew Clapham, Paola Gaeta & Marco Sassoli (United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2015)

Published

2023-06-13

How to Cite

Yusuph, I. F., Abdulazeez, A. O. ., & Abdulhamid, A. B. . (2023). PREVENTION OF DISPLACEMENT DURING ARMED CONFLICT UNDER THE ISLAMIC LAW. Jurnal Syariah, 30(2), 206–250. https://doi.org/10.22452/syariah.vol30no2.4